Certainly, you can! It just depend on the 'exchange rate, Bank will offer you.

At China Merchant's Bank (Gold Visa/MC account) you can make unlimited foreign exchange with 'spot exchange rate' applied.

No, technically you can't without following a very formal exercise that involves showing copies of the tax receipts to the bank, copies of your contract and various other things. The upper limit is supposed to be 70% of your earnings. However, that rule has been relaxed somewhat by the Bank of China. Now, I think some will allow you to exchange up to 500 USD equivalent of rmb to a foreign currency. Even when this option is not open, you can also get a Chinese friend to exchange the money for you or find black marketeers. Once exchanged, you can transfer cash by bank wire out of the country but, to avoid the possibility of getting tangled into another bureaucratic paper chase involving tax certificates, the easiest option is to ask a Chinese person to do the transfer for you.

Most banks in China have a daily limit for foreigners to exchange local currency (Rmb) into foreign currency.  But Chinese nationals do not.  They will pay you the spot exchange rate which is about 6.05 yuan for a dollar nowdays.  With black marketers, you may get 6.08, but run the high risk of getting counterfit money mixed with real one.  In exiting the country, the maximum in cash allowed if discovered is the equivalent of 6,000 Rmb with you.  You could try a wire transfer to a relative back home, or before departure, send yourself the money via Western Union.  Good luck

You could just carry it home, How much are you talking? 10k you could have problem, I sweated carrying 5K home, but after 2 days of trying to get money out and then paying a fee, I didn't want to even try putting it back.