I am afraid I can't say anything about Chongqing but I got mine in Tianjin. I believe the process is not that different. Now it depends if you have a foreign drivers license already. If you do it is fairly simple. You must have the license translated, pass a medical check (mine involved reading a colour blindness chart) then registering ready for the theory test. Now you can get the test in a variety of languages. After studying for the test I took it. I failed by 1 point and was immediately allowed to retake the test for free and I passed. If you fail a second time you must reschedule and pay again. Once that was complete I just had to wait for them to print the licence then sign it. Now if you don't already have a licence I believe you have to take the practical test too although I don't know how to go about that.

Lord Hanson is correct but missed one point. You also need a visa that allows more than 90 days per visit. So basically a resident permit. The whole process in Guangzhou, including getting your passport and foriegn license translated is about 500rmb

I'm not sure how it goes in the bigger cities like Chongqing, Gz ect but in my little backwater I had to register a chinese name at the notary office. The local computers weren't able to enter my info in english.

The written test is straight forward. As The Lord mentioned a week of practice and you are good to go.

I practiced on this one and it is pretty close to the real deal: http://www.chinesedrivingtest.com/test/