Basically, in USA, to become a certified surgeon and be allowed to practice, you will face at least 16 years minimum of uninterrupted studies and training. The breakdown is as follows:

4 years undergraduate degree.

4 years medical school

4 years general medical internship

4 years surgical internship/specialization (2 years general surgery, 2+ years specialization)
 

And in China, to become a doctor, it is normally a five-year Bachelor degree, including one-year internship (or clinical rotation, during which students are actively involved in patient care) before the final degree is awarded. Clinical specialization usually involves a two- or three-year period. Acceptance is based on the national entrance examination used for all universities. There are a few colleges that teach in English and accept foreign medical students. Some of those universities have increased their course duration to 6 years.

You don't really want to know. I went in to have two cysts removed from a bone in  my wrist. Later I went to have my tonsils removed. low and behold, the surgeon was the same. Oh my god, is the only words I had time to say before I went to sleep. After that, I found out through my foreign doctor they had cut too much tissue from the surrounding area of the tonsils. Good thing I have international insurance and a Foreign doctor who can prescribe pain meds for the only thing the doctor at the hospital gave me was Aspirin. OOOOOOOOOOAHHHHHH

It takes 4 years + 1 years internship to become a doctor, 3 more years to be specialist in either Surgery or Medicine. I don't know about the quality of doctors taught in Chinese but those taught in English, well most of them the quality doctor is really bad.